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Purchase Mortgage Loan

What is a USDA loan?

Quick answer

A USDA loan is a zero-down mortgage guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Rural Development program. It's for buyers with moderate household income who purchase a primary home in an eligible rural or suburban area. It charges a 1% upfront guarantee fee and a 0.35% annual fee — typically cheaper than FHA mortgage insurance.

By Purchase Mortgage Loan Editorial Team Checked against official sources per our editorial standardsLast updated
Min. down: 0%Min. credit: Typically 640 for automated approval

How do I know if a home is USDA eligible?

Use the USDA eligibility map on the Rural Development website. Areas outside major cities — including many fast-growing suburbs and small towns — often qualify. Eligibility is reviewed periodically, so check the specific address.

USDA income limits

Income limits are based on the county and household size, and they count income from all adult household members, not just borrowers. Many areas allow roughly $110,000–$150,000+ for a household of 1–4 people.

USDA vs FHA

FeatureUSDAFHA
Down payment0%3.5%
Upfront fee1%1.75%
Annual fee0.35%~0.55%
Location limitsEligible areas onlyNone
Income limitsYesNo

USDA loans by state

Frequently asked questions

No. You can't own another adequate home nearby, but first-time status isn't required.

No. USDA guaranteed home loans are for primary residences, not income-producing farms.

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Figures on this page are estimates for educational purposes only and are not a loan offer or commitment to lend. Rates, loan limits, fees and assistance programs change frequently and vary by lender, location and borrower profile. Confirm current terms with a licensed loan officer.