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Purchase Mortgage Loan

Closing Costs Explained: What Buyers Pay and How to Lower Them

Quick answer

Closing costs are the fees and prepaid expenses due when you finalize a home purchase, typically 2% to 5% of the loan amount. They include lender fees, appraisal, title insurance, recording fees and prepaid taxes, insurance and interest. Your lender lists them on the Loan Estimate, and sellers or assistance programs can sometimes help pay them.

By Purchase Mortgage Loan Editorial Team Checked against official sources per our editorial standardsLast updated

What's included in closing costs?

CategoryExamplesTypical range
Lender feesOrigination, underwriting, points0.5%–1.5% of loan
Third-partyAppraisal, credit report, survey$600–$1,500
Title & escrowTitle insurance, settlement fee$1,000–$3,500+
GovernmentRecording fees, transfer taxesVaries by state
PrepaidsHomeowners insurance, property taxes, interestSeveral months of costs

How can I lower closing costs?

  • Shop at least three lenders and compare Section A of the Loan Estimate.
  • Negotiate seller concessions in your offer.
  • Ask about lender credits (in exchange for a slightly higher rate).
  • Apply for down payment and closing cost assistance.
  • Close near the end of the month to reduce prepaid interest.

Frequently asked questions

On a purchase, closing costs generally can't be added to the loan, except FHA's upfront MIP, the VA funding fee and USDA's guarantee fee. Lender credits and seller concessions are the usual alternatives.

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Figures on this page are estimates for educational purposes only and are not a loan offer or commitment to lend. Rates, loan limits, fees and assistance programs change frequently and vary by lender, location and borrower profile. Confirm current terms with a licensed loan officer.